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One-Step RT-PCR System |
One-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is one of the most common techniques for RNA analysis. During RT-PCR, RNA molecules are first converted into complementary DNA (cDNA), which is then amplified by PCR. In the one-step RT-PCR approach, the reverse transcriptase and the DNA polymerase are premixed into a single tube, allowing both the RT and the subsequent PCR step to be performed in a single reaction. The advantages of one-step RT-PCR over two-step RT-PCR include fast and simple analysis, less pipetting steps, lower risk of errors and contamination, and suitability for high-throughput applications.
Learn about the differences between one-step and two-step RT-PCR
Table 1. Comparison of one-step RT-PCR systems.
SuperScript III One-Step RT-PCR System with PlatinumTaqDNA Polymerase | |||
Sensitivity | 0.01 pg | 0.01 pg | 0.01 pg |
Range of amplicon length | 13 kb | 13.8 kb | 4.5 kb |
Benchtop stability at RT | 24 h for up to 3 kb 4 h for ≥3 kb | Up to 4 h | — |
Resistance to inhibitors | *** | ** | * |
Multiplex | *** | ** | * |
RT time | 10 min | 10 min | 30 min |
Extension time | 30 s/kb | 30 s/kb | 1 min/kb |
Universal annealing | Yes | No | No |
Tracking dye | Yes | No | No |
Integrated gDNA removal | No | Yes† | No |
Order here | Order here | Order here |
*Indicates degree of resistance to inhibitors and ability to multiplex
†A separate format with Invitrogen ezDNase Enzyme
The innovative universal annealing technology used in SuperScript IV UniPrime One-Step RT-PCR System enables primer annealing at 60°C for most primer pairs, helping minimize optimization steps and avoid mistakes in reaction setup (Figure 1).
Figure 1. One-step RT-PCR cycling under two annealing conditions. Nine targets were amplified from 10 ng Universal Human Reference RNA (UHRR); the first batch was amplified using a universal annealing temperature of 60°C (left), and the second batch was amplified using annealing temperatures calculated with the Tm calculator for Platinum SuperFi DNA Polymerase (right). The molecular weight marker is Thermo Scientific GeneRuler 1 kb Plus DNA Ladder, ready-to-use.
SuperScript IV UniPrime One-Step RT-PCR System is highly sensitive and detects low-abundance targets (Figure 2); this allows for one-step RT-PCR experiments with limited RNA input.
Figure 2. Target detection from low amounts of input RNA. Amplification of 0.43 kb fragment from serial dilution from 1 μg to 0.01 pg of UHRR with SuperScript IV UniPrime One-step RT-PCR System. The molecular weight marker is Thermo Scientific GeneRuler 100 bp Plus DNA Ladder, ready-to-use.
SuperScript IV UniPrime One-Step RT-PCR System withstands the effect of common RT and PCR inhibitors such as copurified compounds from biological samples or reagents used in RNA purification. This exceptional robustness makes the system less dependent on RNA sample purity to help achieve reliable results. The enzymes in other one-step RT-PCR kits were inhibited by the presence of inhibitors (Figure 3).
With the innovative two-phase hot-start activation mechanism, the SuperScript IV UniPrime One-Step RT-PCR System allows for room temperature reaction setup and stability of preassembled reactions for an extended time. Highly efficient and specific amplification is observed even after prolonged storage at room temperature.
Figure 4A. Extended stability at room temperature. Using the SuperScript IV UniPrime One-Step RT-PCR System, one-step RT-PCR reactions were assembled with 1 kb RNA target from 1 ng–1 pg UHRR. One batch of assembled reactions was immediately loaded to the thermal cycler. The second batch of assembled reactions was kept at room temperature for 24 hours, and then loaded to the thermal cycler. Analysis of RT-PCR products shows that specific target amplification was achieved even after extended time at room temperature. NTC: no-template control. The molecular weight marker is Thermo Scientific GeneRuler 1 kb Plus DNA Ladder, ready-to-use.
Figure 4B. Extended stability at room temperature. Using the SuperScript IV UniPrime One-Step RT-PCR System, one-step RT-PCR reactions were assembled with 4.5 kb RNA target from 1 μg–1 pg of UHRR. One batch of assembled reactions was immediately loaded to the thermal cycler. The second batch of assembled reactions was kept at room temperature for 4 hours, and then loaded to the thermal cycler. Analysis of RT-PCR products shows that specific target amplification was achieved even after extended time at room temperature. NTC: no-template control. The molecular weight marker is Thermo Scientific GeneRuler 1 kb Plus DNA Ladder, ready-to-use.
Combination of highly processive enzymes in the SuperScript IV UniPrime One-Step RT-PCR System allows for the amplification of a broad range of target lengths (Figure 5). Full length cDNA is synthesized in as few as 10 min, and the PCR step requires an extension time of only 30 sec/kb, resulting in one of the shortest protocols among one-step RT-PCR kits.
With features such as high specificity, processivity, and universal annealing, the SuperScript IV UniPrime One-Step RT-PCR System can successfully multiplex without the need for significant optimization (Figure 6).
Figure 6A. Multiplex RT-PCR from various RNA input amounts. 10 targets (101, 131, 199, 301, 346, 399, 498, 613, 734, and 1,006 bp) were amplified from 0.1–1,000 ng of UHRR. The molecular weight marker is Thermo Scientific GeneRuler 100 bp Plus DNA Ladder, ready-to-use.
Figure 6B. Multiplex RT-PCR across broad range of target lengths. 7-plex (0.2 kb, 0.5 kb, 1kb, 1.5 kb, 3 kb, 5.7 kb and 9.4 kb) and 6-plex (0.2 kb, 0.4 kb, 0.7 kb, 1 kb, 1.5 kb, and 3 kb) RT-PCR was performed from 100–1,000 ng of UHRR. The molecular weight marker is Thermo Scientific GeneRuler 1 kb Plus DNA Ladder, ready-to-use.
In colored format, the SuperScript IV RT Mix contains red tracking dye and the UniPrime RT-PCR Master mix contains blue tracking dye. When the two solutions are mixed during reaction setup, the final reaction mix turns purple, allowing for visual tracking of the reaction setup to prevent pipetting errors (Figure 7).
Interactive selection tool: Find the right reverse transcriptase for your experiments.
Learn how the SuperScript IV UniPrime One-Step RT-PCR System makes it easy to set up reactions while bringing excellent results.
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Yes. SuperScript IV UniPrime One-Step RT-PCR System works at both universal 60°C annealing temperature and at annealing temperature calculated with a Tm calculator.
Good laboratory practices are important for long fragment one-step RT-PCR. These include using high-quality templates (pure, fresh, and intact) and fresh primer solutions. Optimization steps to consider include longer extension times as recommended in the protocols and increasing template amounts. Learn more about RT-PCR reaction optimization and setup by visiting our reverse transcription educational resources.
With the SuperScript IV UniPrime One-Step RT-PCR system, cDNA synthesis can be performed at higher temperatures than with many other one-step RT-PCR products. For GC-rich or structurally complex RNA templates, it is recommended to increase the cDNA synthesis incubation temperatures up to 55–65°C.
The two-phase hot-start mechanism, utilized in SuperScript IV One-Step RT-PCR System and SuperScript IV UniPrime One-Step RT-PCR System, ensures sequential activation of RT and PCR enzymes in the one-step RT-PCR workflow. At ambient temperature, SuperScript IV RT remains inactive with a heat-sensitive RT-blocker. During the first hot-start activation phase at approximately 45°C, the RT-blocker is released, and the first-strand cDNA synthesis is initiated. During the second activation phase, the reaction is heated to 98°C to activate DNA Polymerase and simultaneously inactivate SuperScript IV RT. This mechanism separates the RT and PCR enzymes’ activities, delivering the highest RT-PCR specificity and yield.
The SuperScript IV UniPrime One-Step RT-PCR System produces blunt-end PCR products that can be cloned directly into blunt-end cloning vectors. TA cloning is also possible if 3′ dA-overhangs are added after PCR. Learn more about the use of different PCR enzymes for cloning application by visiting PCR educational resources.
Red and blue tracking dyes included in the colored format of SuperScript IV UniPrime One-Step RT-PCR System do not interfere with electrophoresis in E-Gel agarose gels. For optimal separation using E-Gel precast agarose gels, dilute the sample 2- to 30-fold, following the recommendations for specific E-gel.
SuperScript IV UniPrime One-Step RT-PCR System includes 2X UniPrime RT-PCR Master Mix containing modified Invitrogen Platinum SuperFi II DNA Polymerase, which provides high specificity, high yields and is ideally suited for applications that require sequence accuracy. Unlike other common proofreading enzymes, this polymerase is compatible with dUTP.
Yes. Reaction setup with SuperScript IV UniPrime One-Step RT-PCR System can be performed at room temperature. Moreover, due to the innovative two-phase hot start mechanism, preassembled reactions remain stable at room temperature for up to 24 hours for targets up to 3 kb and up to 4 hours for targets >3 kb.
The SuperScript One-Step RT-PCR Systems are frequently referenced in numerous peer-reviewed research publications and employed in various applications, including drug development, agriculture, infectious disease, and cancer research.
Use | Reference |
---|---|
One step RT-PCR was carried out with a tumor marker and control using miRNA extracted from tumor samples. | Liu J, Zhang L, Wang Z et al. (2024) Prognostic value of miR-190a-5p in renal cell cancer and its regulatory effect on tumor progression. Int J Biol Markers 39(4):310–318. doi: 10.1177/03936155241290251 PMID: 39415706 |
Synthesize cDNA and amplify DNA from human leukocyte samples prior to sequencing. | Dominguez-Ortiz J, Álvarez-Gómez RM, Montiel-Manríquez R et al. (2024) A molecular characterization of the allelic expression of the BRCA1 founder Δ9-12 pathogenic variant and its potential clinical relevance in hereditary cancer. Int J Mol Sci 25(12):6773. doi: 10.3390/ijms25126773 PMID: 38928478 |
Synthesize and amplify cDNA prior to qPCR. | Saleh DO, Baraka SM, Jaleel GAA et al. (2024) Eugenol alleviates acrylamide-induced rat testicular toxicity by modulating AMPK/p-AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and blood-testis barrier remodeling. Sci Rep 14(1):1910. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-52259-1 PMID: 38253778 |
Analyze gene expression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. | Wang Q, Yu Q, Liu Y (2023) E2F3 renders an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: involvements of the transcription activation of PRC1 and BIRC5. Immun Inflamm Dis 11(8):987. doi: 10.1002/iid3.987 PMID: 37647439 |
RT-PCR of circRNA and mRNA from glioblastoma (GBM) cells. | Zhang Y, Liu S, Wu C et al. (2024) Inhibition of circular JUN prevents the proliferation and invasion of glioblastoma via miR-3064-IGFBP5 axis. J Cell Mol Med 28(18):70098. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.70098 PMID: 39307884 |
Used to clone the protein coding region of the ABCB1 mRNA (a transporter implicated in drug resistance). | Hayashi A, Kamio K, Miyanaga A et al. (2024) Ivermectin enhances paclitaxel efficacy by overcoming resistance through modulation of ABCB1 in non-small cell lung cancer. Anticancer Res 44(12):5271–5282. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.17355 PMID: 39626921 |
Synthesize cDNA and amplify DNA prior to qPCR for assessing levels of gene transcripts of DERL2. | Liu L, Wu J, Yan Y et al. (2024) DERL2 (derlin 2) stabilizes BAG6 (BAG cochaperone 6) in chemotherapy resistance of cholangiocarcinoma. J Physiol Biochem 80(1):81–97. doi: 10.1007/s13105-023-00986-w PMID: 37815698 |
Use | Reference |
---|---|
cDNA was synthesized and amplified from plant RNA. Amplified fragments were cloned and sequenced. | Angira A, Baranwal VK, Ranjan A et al. (2024) Optimization of DAC-ELISA and IC-RT-PCR using the developed polyclonal antibody and one-step RT-PCR assays for detection of Indian citrus ringspot virus in kinnow orange of Punjab, India. J Virol Methods 329:114972. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114972 PMID: 38880340 |
cDNA synthesis and amplification from RNA isolated from plants. Amplified cDNA was used to create a library for sequencing on an Illumina system. | Arndell T, Chen J, Sperschneider J et al. (2024) Pooled effector library screening in protoplasts rapidly identifies novel Avr genes. Nat Plants 10(4):572–580. doi: 10.1038/s41477-024-01641-y PMID: 38409291 |
Amplify a watermelon virus isolated from plant leaves. Amplified fragments were cloned and sequenced. | Kwak HR, Hong SB, Kim JE et al. (2024) Construction and characterization of a full-length infectious cDNA clone of a strain of watermelon mosaic virus isolated from melon. Plant Pathol J 40(6):615–624. doi: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.07.2024.0103 PMID: 39639665 |
To amplify the full genome of turtle grass virus X (TGVX). Also used in multiplex RT-PCR assays to confirm the absence of TGVX and any other potexviruses in the experimental plants. | Alvarado-Marchena L, Furman BT, Breitbart M (2025) Construction and characterization of an infectious cDNA clone of turtle grass virus X from a naturally infected Thalassia testudinum plant. mBio 16(1):e0282824. doi: 10.1128/mbio.02828-24 PMID: 39660922 |
Use | Reference |
---|---|
RT-PCR of Zika virus sample from a fetal biopsy sample prior to sequencing. | Marquine S, Durand GA, Modenesi G et al. (2024) Sequence data from a travel-associated case of microcephaly highlight a persisting risk due to Zika virus circulation in Thailand. J Infect Dis 229(2):443–447. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiad322 PMID: 37561039 |
Nested PCR and sequencing from plasma samples. | Manyana S, Pillay M, Gounder L et al. (2023) Affordable drug resistance genotyping of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, protease and integrase genes, for resource limited settings. AIDS Res Ther 20(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s12981-023-00505-3 PMID: 36759801 |
Create amplicons of the SARS-CoV-2 S gene to build a library for sequencing on an Illumina system. | Darling TL, Harastani HH, Joshi A et al. (2024) Mucosal immunization with ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S prevents sequential transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to unvaccinated hamsters. Sci Adv 10(31):eadp1290. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adp1290 PMID: 39083604 |
Used for library preparation for targeted amplicon sequencing. | Caserta LC, Zhang J, Piñeyro P, Diel DG (2023) Rapid genotyping of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) using MinION nanopore sequencing. PLoS One 18(5):e0282767. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282767 PMID: 37220122 |
Amplify a mutant strain of SARS-CoV-2 prior to sequencing. | Zhang L, Xie X, Luo H et al. (2024) Resistance mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro to the non-covalent inhibitor WU-04. Cell Discov 10(1):40. doi: 10.1038/s41421-024-00673-0 PMID: 38594245 |
Synthesize cDNA from 20-year-old cryopreserved samples. | Dyer WB, Suzuki K, Levert A et al. (2024) Preservation of functionality, immunophenotype, and recovery of HIV RNA from PBMCs cryopreserved for more than 20 years. Front Immunol 15:1382711. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1382711 PMID: 39221258 |
Influenza A whole-genome sequencing using Illumina and Nanopore systems. | Goraichuk IV, Risalvato J, Pantin-Jackwood M et al. (2024) Improved influenza A whole-genome sequencing protocol. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 14:1497278. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1497278 PMID: 39669272 |
Amplification of SARS-CoV-2 whole genome for Illumina sequencing. | Botelho-Souza LF, Nogueira-Lima FS, Roca TP et al. (2021) SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance in Rondônia, Brazilian Western Amazon. Sci Rep 11(1):3770. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-83203-2 PMID: 33580111 |
Use | Reference |
---|---|
Used to map the 3’ UTR region of the mitochondrial and sperm isoform of TFAM. | Lee W, Zamudio-Ochoa A, Buchel G et al. (2023) Molecular basis for maternal inheritance of human mitochondrial DNA. Nat Genet 55(10):1632–1639. doi: 10.1038/s41588-023-01505-9 PMID: 37723262 |
Used for library preparation to screen short synthetic promoters in mammalian cells. | Zahm AM, Owens WS, Himes SR et al. (2024) A massively parallel reporter assay library to screen short synthetic promoters in mammalian cells. Nat Commun 15(1):10353. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-54502-9 PMID: 39609378 |
Use | Reference |
---|---|
One step RT-PCR was carried out with a tumor marker and control using miRNA extracted from tumor samples. | Liu J, Zhang L, Wang Z et al. (2024) Prognostic value of miR-190a-5p in renal cell cancer and its regulatory effect on tumor progression. Int J Biol Markers 39(4):310–318. doi: 10.1177/03936155241290251 PMID: 39415706 |
Synthesize cDNA and amplify DNA from human leukocyte samples prior to sequencing. | Dominguez-Ortiz J, Álvarez-Gómez RM, Montiel-Manríquez R et al. (2024) A molecular characterization of the allelic expression of the BRCA1 founder Δ9-12 pathogenic variant and its potential clinical relevance in hereditary cancer. Int J Mol Sci 25(12):6773. doi: 10.3390/ijms25126773 PMID: 38928478 |
Synthesize and amplify cDNA prior to qPCR. | Saleh DO, Baraka SM, Jaleel GAA et al. (2024) Eugenol alleviates acrylamide-induced rat testicular toxicity by modulating AMPK/p-AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and blood-testis barrier remodeling. Sci Rep 14(1):1910. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-52259-1 PMID: 38253778 |
Analyze gene expression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. | Wang Q, Yu Q, Liu Y (2023) E2F3 renders an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: involvements of the transcription activation of PRC1 and BIRC5. Immun Inflamm Dis 11(8):987. doi: 10.1002/iid3.987 PMID: 37647439 |
RT-PCR of circRNA and mRNA from glioblastoma (GBM) cells. | Zhang Y, Liu S, Wu C et al. (2024) Inhibition of circular JUN prevents the proliferation and invasion of glioblastoma via miR-3064-IGFBP5 axis. J Cell Mol Med 28(18):70098. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.70098 PMID: 39307884 |
Used to clone the protein coding region of the ABCB1 mRNA (a transporter implicated in drug resistance). | Hayashi A, Kamio K, Miyanaga A et al. (2024) Ivermectin enhances paclitaxel efficacy by overcoming resistance through modulation of ABCB1 in non-small cell lung cancer. Anticancer Res 44(12):5271–5282. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.17355 PMID: 39626921 |
Synthesize cDNA and amplify DNA prior to qPCR for assessing levels of gene transcripts of DERL2. | Liu L, Wu J, Yan Y et al. (2024) DERL2 (derlin 2) stabilizes BAG6 (BAG cochaperone 6) in chemotherapy resistance of cholangiocarcinoma. J Physiol Biochem 80(1):81–97. doi: 10.1007/s13105-023-00986-w PMID: 37815698 |
Use | Reference |
---|---|
cDNA was synthesized and amplified from plant RNA. Amplified fragments were cloned and sequenced. | Angira A, Baranwal VK, Ranjan A et al. (2024) Optimization of DAC-ELISA and IC-RT-PCR using the developed polyclonal antibody and one-step RT-PCR assays for detection of Indian citrus ringspot virus in kinnow orange of Punjab, India. J Virol Methods 329:114972. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114972 PMID: 38880340 |
cDNA synthesis and amplification from RNA isolated from plants. Amplified cDNA was used to create a library for sequencing on an Illumina system. | Arndell T, Chen J, Sperschneider J et al. (2024) Pooled effector library screening in protoplasts rapidly identifies novel Avr genes. Nat Plants 10(4):572–580. doi: 10.1038/s41477-024-01641-y PMID: 38409291 |
Amplify a watermelon virus isolated from plant leaves. Amplified fragments were cloned and sequenced. | Kwak HR, Hong SB, Kim JE et al. (2024) Construction and characterization of a full-length infectious cDNA clone of a strain of watermelon mosaic virus isolated from melon. Plant Pathol J 40(6):615–624. doi: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.07.2024.0103 PMID: 39639665 |
To amplify the full genome of turtle grass virus X (TGVX). Also used in multiplex RT-PCR assays to confirm the absence of TGVX and any other potexviruses in the experimental plants. | Alvarado-Marchena L, Furman BT, Breitbart M (2025) Construction and characterization of an infectious cDNA clone of turtle grass virus X from a naturally infected Thalassia testudinum plant. mBio 16(1):e0282824. doi: 10.1128/mbio.02828-24 PMID: 39660922 |
Use | Reference |
---|---|
RT-PCR of Zika virus sample from a fetal biopsy sample prior to sequencing. | Marquine S, Durand GA, Modenesi G et al. (2024) Sequence data from a travel-associated case of microcephaly highlight a persisting risk due to Zika virus circulation in Thailand. J Infect Dis 229(2):443–447. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiad322 PMID: 37561039 |
Nested PCR and sequencing from plasma samples. | Manyana S, Pillay M, Gounder L et al. (2023) Affordable drug resistance genotyping of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, protease and integrase genes, for resource limited settings. AIDS Res Ther 20(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s12981-023-00505-3 PMID: 36759801 |
Create amplicons of the SARS-CoV-2 S gene to build a library for sequencing on an Illumina system. | Darling TL, Harastani HH, Joshi A et al. (2024) Mucosal immunization with ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S prevents sequential transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to unvaccinated hamsters. Sci Adv 10(31):eadp1290. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adp1290 PMID: 39083604 |
Used for library preparation for targeted amplicon sequencing. | Caserta LC, Zhang J, Piñeyro P, Diel DG (2023) Rapid genotyping of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) using MinION nanopore sequencing. PLoS One 18(5):e0282767. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282767 PMID: 37220122 |
Amplify a mutant strain of SARS-CoV-2 prior to sequencing. | Zhang L, Xie X, Luo H et al. (2024) Resistance mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro to the non-covalent inhibitor WU-04. Cell Discov 10(1):40. doi: 10.1038/s41421-024-00673-0 PMID: 38594245 |
Synthesize cDNA from 20-year-old cryopreserved samples. | Dyer WB, Suzuki K, Levert A et al. (2024) Preservation of functionality, immunophenotype, and recovery of HIV RNA from PBMCs cryopreserved for more than 20 years. Front Immunol 15:1382711. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1382711 PMID: 39221258 |
Influenza A whole-genome sequencing using Illumina and Nanopore systems. | Goraichuk IV, Risalvato J, Pantin-Jackwood M et al. (2024) Improved influenza A whole-genome sequencing protocol. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 14:1497278. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1497278 PMID: 39669272 |
Amplification of SARS-CoV-2 whole genome for Illumina sequencing. | Botelho-Souza LF, Nogueira-Lima FS, Roca TP et al. (2021) SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance in Rondônia, Brazilian Western Amazon. Sci Rep 11(1):3770. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-83203-2 PMID: 33580111 |
Use | Reference |
---|---|
Used to map the 3’ UTR region of the mitochondrial and sperm isoform of TFAM. | Lee W, Zamudio-Ochoa A, Buchel G et al. (2023) Molecular basis for maternal inheritance of human mitochondrial DNA. Nat Genet 55(10):1632–1639. doi: 10.1038/s41588-023-01505-9 PMID: 37723262 |
Used for library preparation to screen short synthetic promoters in mammalian cells. | Zahm AM, Owens WS, Himes SR et al. (2024) A massively parallel reporter assay library to screen short synthetic promoters in mammalian cells. Nat Commun 15(1):10353. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-54502-9 PMID: 39609378 |
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