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The CD3 complex, composed of gamma, delta, epsilon, and zeta subunits, is essential for the assembly, trafficking, and surface expression of the T cell receptor (TCR) complex. These subunits are structurally related members of the immunoglobulin superfamily and are encoded by closely linked genes on human chromosome 11. CD3 is expressed by thymocytes in a developmentally regulated manner and by all mature T cells, but not on B or NK cells. The CD3 subunits play a crucial role in transducing antigen-recognition signals into the cytoplasm of T cells. The cytoplasmic tails of CD3 subunits contain a double tyrosine-based motif that associates with cytoplasmic signal transduction molecules, mediating T cell activation through the TCR. Crosslinking of the TCR initiates intracellular biochemical pathways that result in cellular activation, proliferation, and potentially growth arrest and cell survival. CD3 is present on 68-82% of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes, 65-85% of thymocytes, and Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. Decreased percentages of T lymphocytes may be observed in some autoimmune diseases. Defects in the CD3 gene are associated with CD3 immunodeficiency, highlighting its importance in immune function and regulation.
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Protein Aliases: CD3 epsilon; CD3 glycoprotein; CD3 TCR complex; CD3 type I transmembrane glycoprotein; CD3D antigen delta; CD3D antigen, delta polypeptide (TiT3 complex); CD3d molecule, delta (CD3-TCR complex); CD3E antigen, epsilon polypeptide; CD3e molecule, epsilon (CD3-TCR complex); CD3Z antigen, zeta polypeptide (TiT3 complex); FLJ18683; Leu-4; T cell antigen receptor complex epsilon subunit of T3; T-cell surface protein; T3/TCR complex; TCR zeta chain subunit; TiT3 complex; type I transmembrane protein; T-cell surface molecule CD3
Gene Aliases: CD3; CD3Z
Entrez Gene ID: (Chicken) 395911, (Chicken) 396518, (Chicken) 396062
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