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Chemokines are a family of proteins associated with the trafficking of leukocytes in immune surveillance and inflammatory cell recruitment. They are classified based on the positions of key cysteine residues. CX3CL1 is a CX3C chemokine known to induce adhesion and migration of leukocytes mediated by a membrane-bound and soluble form respectively. Recent experiments have shown that CX3CL1 can suppress the production of nitrous oxide, interleukin-6, and TNF-a in activated microglia and neuronal cells, suggesting that it may act as an intrinsic inhibitor against neurotoxicity by activated microglia. Its receptor, CX3CR1, also functions as a co-receptor for HIV-1 and HIV-2 envelope fusion and virus infection, which can be inhibited by CX3CL1.
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Protein Aliases: ABCD-3; C-X3-C motif chemokine 1; chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1; CX3C membrane-anchored chemokine; FK; Fractalkine; Neurotactin; small inducible cytokine subfamily D (Cys-X3-Cys), member 1 (fractalkine, neurotactin); small inducible cytokine subfamily D (Cys-X3-Cys), member-1; small inducible cytokine subfamily D, 1; Small-inducible cytokine D1
Gene Aliases: A-152E5.2; AB030188; ABCD-3; Acc1; AI848747; C3Xkine; CX3C; CX3CL1; CXC3; CXC3C; D8Bwg0439e; FKN; fractalkine; neurotactin; NTN; NTT; SCYD1
UniProt ID: (Human) P78423, (Rat) O55145, (Mouse) O35188
Entrez Gene ID: (Human) 6376, (Rat) 89808, (Mouse) 20312
Molecular Function:
cytokine
intercellular signal molecule
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