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This product is diluted and in a ready-to-use formulation.
A recommended positive control tissue for this product is ZMTB-1, however positive controls are not limited to this tissue type.
The primary antibody is intended for laboratory professional use in the detection of the corresponding protein in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue stained in manual qualitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing. This antibody is intended to be used after the primary diagnosis of tumor has been made by conventional histopathology using non-immunological histochemical stains.
This MAb reacts with a protein of 20-30 kDa, identified as PGP9.5, also known as ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase-1 (UchL1). Initially, PGP9.5 expression in normal tissues was reported in neurons and neuroendocrine cells but later it was found in distal renal tubular epithelium, spermatogonia, Leydig cells, oocytes, melanocytes, prostatic secretory epithelium, ejaculatory duct cells, epididymis, mammary epithelial cells, Merkel cells, and dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, immunostaining for PGP9.5 has been shown in a wide variety of mesenchymal neoplasms as well. A mutation in PGP9.5 gene is believed to cause a form of Parkinson's disease.
Antibody is used with formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections. Pretreatment of deparaffinized tissue with heat-induced epitope retrieval or enzymatic retrieval is recommended. In general, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining techniques allow for the visualization of antigens via the sequential application of a specific antibody to the antigen (primary antibody), a secondary antibody to the primary antibody (link antibody), an enzyme complex and a chromogenic substrate with interposed washing steps. The enzymatic activation of the chromogen results in a visible reaction product at the antigen site. Results are interpreted using a light microscope and aid in the differential diagnosis of pathophysiological processes, which may or may not be associated with a particular antigen.
A positive tissue control must be run with every staining procedure performed. This tissue may contain both positive and negative staining cells or tissue components and serve as both the positive and negative control tissue. External Positive control materials should be fresh autopsy/biopsy/surgical specimens fixed, processed and embedded as soon as possible in the same manner as the patient sample (s). Positive tissue controls are indicative of correctly prepared tissues and proper staining methods. The tissues used for the external positive control materials should be selected from the patient specimens with well-characterized low levels of the positive target activity that gives weak positive staining. The low level of positivity for external positive controls is designed to ensure detection of subtle changes in the primary antibody sensitivity from instability or problems with the staining methodology. A tissue with weak positive staining is more suitable for optimal quality control and for detecting minor levels of reagent degradation.
Internal or external negative control tissue may be used depending on the guidelines and policies that govern the organization to which the end user belongs to. The variety of cell types present in many tissue sections offers internal negative control sites, but this should be verified by the user. The components that do not stain should demonstrate the absence of specific staining, and provide an indication of non-specific background staining. If specific staining occurs in the negative tissue control sites, results with the patient specimens must be considered invalid.
PGP9.5 (Protein gene product 9.5, UCH-L1, PARK5) is a neuron specific protein, structurally and immunologically distinct from neuron specific enolase. PGP9.5 has a molecular weight of 27 kDa and was first identified by high resolution two dimensional PAGE. PGP9.5 is a member of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase family 1 (peptidase family C12) with a ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase domain. PGP9.5 is well known for having ubiquitin hydrolase and ligase activities that hydrolyzes small C-terminal adducts of ubiquitin to generate ubiquitin monomers. PGP9.5 is present in neurons and nerve fibers at all levels of the central and peripheral nervous system, in neuroendocrine cells, in segments of the renal tubules, in spermatogonia and Leydig cells of the testis, in ova and in some cells of both the pregnant and non-pregnant corpus luteum. Over expression of PGP9.5 leads to non-small cell lung cancer while decreased expression leads to Huntington disease and Alzheimer disease. Since PGP9.5 is present in cellular inclusions, it can be a useful as a neuronal marker and in the studies of neurodegenerative disorders such as with Parkinson disease.
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Not for resale without express authorization.
Protein Aliases: epididymis luminal protein 117; epididymis secretory protein Li 53; Neuron cytoplasmic protein 9.5; OTTHUMP00000218137; OTTHUMP00000218139; OTTHUMP00000218140; OTTHUMP00000218141; PGP 9.5; PGP9.5; ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase; ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L1 (ubiquitin thiolesterase); Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1; Ubiquitin thioesterase L1; ubiquitin thiolesterase; UCH-L1; UCHL
Gene Aliases: HEL-117; HEL-S-53; NDGOA; PARK5; PGP 9.5; PGP9.5; PGP95; Uch-L1; UCHL1
UniProt ID: (Human) P09936
Entrez Gene ID: (Human) 7345
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