Fugitive emissions are unintended releases of gas or vapor into the atmosphere from industrial activities. These emissions primarily consist of greenhouse gases, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and other hazardous air pollutants. Methane, a potent greenhouse gas, and VOCs contribute to climate change and air pollution. Fugitive emissions can also harm human health and ecosystems. Regulations are being implemented globally to control these emissions and drive industries towards cleaner practices.
6 Sources of Fugitive Emissions
Oil and gas companies can produce fugitive gas through various industrial processes involved in the extraction, processing, and transportation of fossil fuels. Here are some common sources of fugitive gas emissions in the industry:
- Valves and Fittings: Leakage from valves, fittings, and connections in pipelines and equipment can result in the release of fugitive gases. These leaks may occur due to wear and tear, improper maintenance, or inadequate sealing.
- Pipelines: Cracks or corrosion in pipelines can lead to the escape of gases. This can happen during transportation or storage of oil and gas.
- Tanks and Storage Facilities: Storage tanks, both above-ground and underground, can experience leaks or emissions due to structural issues or faulty seals. Evaporation losses from volatile substances stored in tanks can also contribute to fugitive emissions.
- Flaring and Venting: During certain operational activities, such as well testing, maintenance, or emergencies, oil and gas companies may intentionally release gases through flaring or venting. While controlled flaring and venting are regulated practices, they can still contribute to fugitive emissions if not properly managed.
- Equipment Malfunctions: Malfunctioning equipment, such as pumps, compressors, or seals, can lead to unintended gas releases. These malfunctions can occur due to mechanical failures, lack of maintenance, or operational errors.
- Offshore Operations: Offshore oil and gas operations face additional challenges in managing fugitive emissions due to the harsh marine environment. Subsea equipment, pipelines, and wellheads can experience leaks or damage, leading to the release of gases.
Fighting Fugitive Gas with Technology
It is important to note that oil and gas companies strive to minimize fugitive gas emissions through various measures, including regular maintenance, inspection, and the implementation of best practices. However, the diffuse and irregular nature of fugitive emissions can make them challenging to quantify and control. That is why continuous monitoring, leak detection, and repair programs are crucial in identifying and mitigating these emissions to protect the environment, ensure regulatory compliance, and promote sustainability within the industry.
We wrote about this in another blog article, What Are Fugitive Emissions and Why Do They Matter? The article discusses why these emissions are difficult to quantify and how they are different from point source emissions that are controlled through fixed equipment. The article also discusses how technological advancements play a pivotal role in detecting and reducing fugitive emissions, and why leak detection and repair (LDAR) programs are essential. The oil and gas industry can employ tools like infrared cameras to visually detect leaks that are otherwise invisible. Emerging technologies, such as drones equipped with sensors, offer new avenues for efficient monitoring over large areas. Environmental mass spectrometers are engineered to help plants monitor fugitive emissions of toxic organic vapors, protecting workers and surrounding environment from hazardous exposure. With the latest technologies, one can quickly detect fugitive emissions of organic and inorganic compounds for Method 21 compliance, LDAR applications and site remediation with lightweight, intrinsically safe portable gas leak detectors.
Summary
Oil and gas companies must prioritize the management of fugitive emissions due to their significant environmental, regulatory, financial, and health implications. By taking proactive measures, and employing the latest technologies, these companies can contribute to a sustainable future while safeguarding their own viability in an increasingly conscious and regulated industry.
Resources
- ebook: Monitoring fugitive emissions, developing a leak detection and repair (LDAR) program
- Online resources: Industrial Hygiene Instruments
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