Iron(III) oxide acts as a pigment in paints, coatings and colored concretes, used in thermalite. Iron oxide is a low cost, nontoxic, environmental friendly catalyst for various reactions such as oxidation of carbon monoxide, reduction of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide by CO, photocatalytic splitting of water, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of hydrocarbons, catalytic decomposition of industrial dyes, water-gas shift reactions, nucleation of diamonds, conversion of phenolic and other environmentally harmful aromatic compounds, dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene, and catalytic oxidations of various organic compounds. It is used in magnetic storage devices and in the production of iron, steel and alloys. It functions as a catalyst in the chemical oxidation of hydrogen peroxide used for the treatment of contaminated water with hydrogen peroxide.

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