Vanadium pentoxide is the precursor to alloys of vanadium. It is widely used as an industrial catalyst for the manufacture of sulfuric acid, maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, adipic acid, acrylic acid, oxalic acid and anthraquinone. It finds application as a detector material in bolometers and microbolometer arrays for thermal imaging, and as an ethanol sensor in ppm (parts per million) levels. It is also used in vanadium redox batteries, which are used for energy storage in power facilities, such as wind farms.

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