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Invitrogen™
Cholera Toxin Subunit B (Recombinant), Alexa Fluor™ 488 Conjugate
Molecular Probes™ cholera toxin conjugates are made from a recombinant version of the B subunit only. This allows us toRead more
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| Catalog Number | Quantity |
|---|---|
| C34775 | 100 μg |
| C22841 | 500 μg |
Catalog number C34775
Price (EUR)
431,65
Online Exclusive
455,00Save 23,35 (5%)
Each
-
Quantity:
100 μg
Price (EUR)
431,65
Online Exclusive
455,00Save 23,35 (5%)
Each
Molecular Probes™ cholera toxin conjugates are made from a recombinant version of the B subunit only. This allows us to provide a very high-purity product that is completely free of the toxic A subunit. Cholera toxin B subunit (CT-B) attaches to cells by binding to ganglioside GM1, making it a powerful tool for retrograde labeling of neurons. This tracer has been used in a variety of applications, including tracing of rat forebrain afferents, projections of the parabrachial region, and neurons of the urinary bladder wall. When used in neuronal tracing applications, CT-B is typically introduced by pressure injection or by iontophoretic injection into neural tissue.
Cholera Toxin Subunit B Specifications:
• Label (Ex/Em): Alexa Fluor™ 488 (495/519 nm)
• At neutral pH, the 11.4 kDa B subunit exists as a 57 kDa pentamer
• Lyophilized product can be dissolved in buffer (e.g., PBS) for use
Cholera Toxin Subunit B for Studying Lipid Rafts
More recently, researchers have found that CT-B can be used as a marker for lipid rafts, which are membrane microdomains enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids thought to be important in cell signaling. For lipid raft staining, cells are first incubated with fluorescent CT-B. Then, an anti–CT-B antibody is added to crosslink the CT-B in the lipid rafts into distinct patches on the plasma membrane. These patches are easily visualized by fluorescence microscopy. In addition to individual fluorescent CT-B conjugates, we also offer Vybrant™ Lipid Raft Labeling Kits that contain the Alexa Fluor™ 488, Alexa Fluor™ 555, or Alexa Fluor™ 594 dye conjugates of CT-B, an anti–CT-B antibody, and a detailed protocol for labeling and preparing cells for fluorescence microscopy.
Find More CT-B Conjugates
We offer various CT-B conjugates. Review Protein Conjugates—Section 14.7 in the Molecular Probes™ Handbook for more information on these tracers.
For Research Use Only. Not for human or animal therapeutic or diagnostic use.
Cholera Toxin Subunit B Specifications:
• Label (Ex/Em): Alexa Fluor™ 488 (495/519 nm)
• At neutral pH, the 11.4 kDa B subunit exists as a 57 kDa pentamer
• Lyophilized product can be dissolved in buffer (e.g., PBS) for use
Cholera Toxin Subunit B for Studying Lipid Rafts
More recently, researchers have found that CT-B can be used as a marker for lipid rafts, which are membrane microdomains enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids thought to be important in cell signaling. For lipid raft staining, cells are first incubated with fluorescent CT-B. Then, an anti–CT-B antibody is added to crosslink the CT-B in the lipid rafts into distinct patches on the plasma membrane. These patches are easily visualized by fluorescence microscopy. In addition to individual fluorescent CT-B conjugates, we also offer Vybrant™ Lipid Raft Labeling Kits that contain the Alexa Fluor™ 488, Alexa Fluor™ 555, or Alexa Fluor™ 594 dye conjugates of CT-B, an anti–CT-B antibody, and a detailed protocol for labeling and preparing cells for fluorescence microscopy.
Find More CT-B Conjugates
We offer various CT-B conjugates. Review Protein Conjugates—Section 14.7 in the Molecular Probes™ Handbook for more information on these tracers.
For Research Use Only. Not for human or animal therapeutic or diagnostic use.
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.
Specifications
Label TypeAlexa Fluor Dyes
Product LineAlexa Fluor™
Protein FormRecombinant
Protein SubtypeCholera Toxin
Quantity100 μg
Shipping ConditionRoom Temperature
ConjugateAlexa Fluor 488
FormLyophilized
RecombinantRecombinant
Unit SizeEach
Contents & Storage
Store in freezer (-5 to -30°C) and protect from light.
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Lot #Certificate TypeDateCatalog Number(s)
3137307Certificate of AnalysisApr 14, 2025C34775
3137367Certificate of AnalysisApr 10, 2025C34775
2965773Certificate of AnalysisSep 03, 2024C22841
2873181Certificate of AnalysisMar 27, 2024C34775
2690586Certificate of AnalysisJul 26, 2023C34775
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Safety Data Sheets
SDSProduct Information
Frequently asked questions (FAQs)
Confirm that the tracer you are using crosslinks to proteins or has a primary amine for fixation-either a hydrazide, lysine fixable dextran, or a protein conjugate.
Use aldehyde-based fixatives to cross link the amines on the tracer.
Inject a larger amount or higher concentration of the tracer. Tracers are generally injected at 1-20% concentrations (10 mg/mL or higher).
Confirm that you are using the correct fluorescent filter for detection. You can perform a spot test by pipetting a small amount of the undiluted stock solution of the tracer onto a slide, then view under the filter you are using on your microscope. This will confirm if the tracer fluorescence can be detected and the fluorescent microscope filter is working properly.
Review tissue fixation and handling procedures to confirm if any reagents or processing procedures could be affecting the tracer.
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Analysis Support Center.
Wheat germ agglutinin and cholera toxin conjugates have been used for retrograde tracing. They may have some anterograde tracing in some applications. A selection guide can be found here (https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/cell-analysis/cell-tracing-tracking-and-morphology/neuronal-tracing/protein-conjugates.html).
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Analysis Support Center.
Factors to consider are size of tracer, method of delivery (injection, direct application to tissue, etc.), and if the tracer needs to be fixable. Here are some links to details about the various classes of neuronal tracers we offer and how to choose between them:
Neuronal Tracing (https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/cell-analysis/cell-tracing-tracking-and-morphology/neuronal-tracing.html)
Choosing a Tracer (https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/references/molecular-probes-the-handbook/fluorescent-tracers-of-cell-morphology-and-fluid-flow/choosing-a-tracer.html)
Imaging Analysis (http://assets.thermofisher.com/TFS-Assets/BID/Reference-Materials/bioprobes-50-journal.pdf)
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Analysis Support Center.
Please check out this web page (https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/cell-analysis/cell-tracing-tracking-and-morphology/neuronal-tracing.html) for details.
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Analysis Support Center.
Citations & References (77)
Search citations by name, author, journal title or abstract text
Citations & References
Abstract
Cocaine evokes projection-specific synaptic plasticity of lateral habenula neurons.
Journal:J Neurosci
PubMed ID:22956853
Addictive drugs share the ability to increase dopamine (DA) levels and trigger synaptic adaptations in the mesocorticolimbic system, two cellular processes engaged in the early stages of drug seeking. Neurons located in the lateral habenula (LHb) modulate the activity of DA neurons and DA release, and adaptively tune goal-directed behaviors.
Intracellular trafficking of Clostridium perfringens iota-toxin b.
Journal:Infect Immun
PubMed ID:22825447
'Clostridium perfringens iota-toxin is composed of an enzymatic component (Ia) and a binding component (Ib). Ib binds to a cell surface receptor, undergoes oligomerization in lipid rafts, and binds Ia. The resulting complex is then endocytosed. Here, we show the intracellular trafficking of iota-toxin. After the binding of the Ib
The B cell-specific major raft protein, Raftlin, is necessary for the integrity of lipid raft and BCR signal transduction.
Journal:EMBO J
PubMed ID:12805216
'Recent evidence indicates that membrane microdomains, termed lipid rafts, have a role in B-cell activation as platforms for B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signal initiation. To gain an insight into the possible functioning of lipid rafts in B cells, we applied liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) methodologies to
Lipid raft microdomains: a gateway for compartmentalized trafficking of Ebola and Marburg viruses.
Journal:J Exp Med
PubMed ID:11877482
'Spatiotemporal aspects of filovirus entry and release are poorly understood. Lipid rafts act as functional platforms for multiple cellular signaling and trafficking processes. Here, we report the compartmentalization of Ebola and Marburg viral proteins within lipid rafts during viral assembly and budding. Filoviruses released from infected cells incorporated raft-associated molecules,
Gbetagamma activation of Src induces caveolae-mediated endocytosis in endothelial cells.
Journal:J Biol Chem
PubMed ID:15345719
'Caveolae-mediated endocytosis in endothelial cells is stimulated by the binding of albumin to gp60, a specific albumin-binding protein localized in caveolae. The activation of gp60 induces its cell surface clustering and association with caveolin-1, the caveolar-scaffolding protein. This interaction leads to G(i)-induced Src kinase activation, which in turn signals dynamin-2-mediated
77 total citations