Staphylococcus aureus (Wood strain without protein A) BioParticles™, Alexa Fluor™ 488 conjugate
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (Wood strain without protein A) BioParticles&trade;, Alexa Fluor&trade; 488 conjugate
Invitrogen™

Staphylococcus aureus (Wood strain without protein A) BioParticles™, Alexa Fluor™ 488 conjugate

The Molecular Probes™ BioParticles™ product line consists of a series of fluorescently labeled, heat- or chemically killed bacteria and yeastRead more
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Catalog NumberQuantity
S233712 mg
Catalog number S23371
Price (USD)
294.00
Each
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Quantity:
2 mg
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Price (USD)
294.00
Each
Add to cart
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The Molecular Probes™ BioParticles™ product line consists of a series of fluorescently labeled, heat- or chemically killed bacteria and yeast in a variety of sizes, shapes, and natural antigenicities. These fluorescent BioParticles™ products have been employed to study phagocytosis by fluorescence microscopy, quantitative spectrofluorometry, and flow cytometry.

We offer E. coli (K-12 strain), S. aureus (Wood strain, without protein A) and zymosan (S. cerevisiae) BioParticles™ conjugates covalently labeled with a variety of different fluorophores (special care has been taken to remove free dye after conjugation). Unlike the fluorescence of fluorescein-labeled BioParticles™ conjugates, which is partially quenched in acidic environments, the fluorescence of the Alexa Fluor™, BODIPY™ FL, tetramethylrhodamine and Texas Red™ dye conjugates is uniformly intense over the pH range from 3 to 10.

BioParticles Specifications:
• Label (Ex/Em): Alexa Fluor™ 488 (∼495/519 nm)
• Particle: S. aureus (Wood strain, without protein A)
Opsonizing reagent available


Using BioParticles Products
BioParticles™ conjugates are provided as lyophilized powders. There are approximately 3 x 108 E. coli or S. aureus particles per mg solid and approximately 2 x 107 zymosan particles per mg solid. BioParticles™ conjugates can be reconstituted in the buffer of your choice for use in phagocytosis assays. The fluorescence of BioParticles™ conjugates that are bound to the surface of the cell (but not internalized) can be quenched by ethidium bromide, trypan blue, or other quenchers. In addition to cellular applications, fluorescent BioParticles™ conjugates may be effective as flow cytometry calibration references when sorting bacteria and yeast mutants. These small particles may also be useful references for light scattering studies because their sizes and shapes differ in characteristic ways.

Find More BioParticles™ Products
We offer a large range of dye-labeled and unlabeled E. coli (K-12 strain), S. aureus (Wood strain, without protein A), and zymosan (S. cerevisiae) BioParticles™ products. Find out about these products and their applications by reviewing Probes for Following Receptor Binding and Phagocytosis—Section 16.1 in the Molecular Probes™ Handbook.

For pH-sensitive endocytosis assays, see our pHrodo™ BioParticles™ conjugates.

For Research Use Only. Not for human or animal therapeutic or diagnostic use.
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.
Specifications
Detection MethodFluorescence
Dye TypeAlexa Fluor™ 488
FormLyophilized Powder
Quantity2 mg
Shipping ConditionRoom Temperature
SpeciesS. aureus
For Use With (Equipment)Fluorescence Microscope
Product LineAlexa Fluor, BioParticles
Product TypeBioparticle Conjugate
pH3 to 10
Unit SizeEach
Contents & Storage
Store in freezer (-5 to -30°C) and protect from light.
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Frequently asked questions (FAQs)

Are the Invitrogen BioParticles products sterile?

While the bacteria have been attenuated with formaldehyde and alcohol desiccation, the BioParticles products are not considered sterile, and we do not recommend incubation of more than 4 hours. This applies to all of our dye-labeled (pHrodo, Alexa Fluor, etc.) and unlabeled BioParticles products.

What is the type of bond that attaches the dyes to the BioParticles probes?

We use amine-reactive dyes to covalently attach fluorescent dyes to all of our BioParticles probes such as the Escherichia coli (K-12 strain) BioParticles probes, Staphylococcus aureus (Wood strain without protein A) BioParticles, and the Zymosan A (S. cerevisiae) BioParticles probes.

Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Analysis Support Center.

What cellular processes can be analyzed with a flow cytometer?

-Calcium flux: Each of the Oregon Green calcium indicators binds intracellular calcium with increasing affinity, providing a sensitivity range to match many applications. Oregon Green probes emit green fluorescence at resting levels of Ca2+ and increase their fluorescence intensity 14-fold with increasing Ca2+ concentration. The cell-permeant formulation (Cat. No. O6807) can be loaded in cell media and is compatible with flow cytometry.
-Rhodamine-based calcium indicators comprise a range of probes for large or small changes in Ca2+ concentration. They exhibit a 50-fold increase in fluorescence upon calcium binding and offer a range of wavelengths that can be used in conjunction with GFP or green-fluorescent dyes for multiplexing. Rhod-2, AM (Cat. No. R1245MP), in particular, localizes to mitochondria and can be used with flow cytometry.
-Membrane potential: A distinctive feature of the early stages of apoptosis is the disruption of the mitochondria, including changes in membrane and redox potential. We offer a range of products specifically designed to assay mitochondrial membrane potential in live cells by flow cytometry, with minimal disruption of cellular function. The MitoProbe family of mitochondrial stains (Cat. Nos. M34150, M34151, and M34152) provide quick, easy, and reliable flow cytometric detection of the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential that occurs during apoptosis. MitoTracker dyes (Cat. Nos. M7510 and M7512) are membrane potential-dependent probes for staining mitochondria in live cells. The staining pattern of MitoTracker dyes is retained throughout subsequent flow cytometry immunocytochemistry, DNA end labeling, in situ hybridization, or counterstaining steps. The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Assay (Cat. No. M34153) provides a more direct method of measuring mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening than assays relying on mitochondrial membrane potential alone. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) is a non-specific channel formed by components from the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, and appears to be involved in the release of mitochondrial components during cell death.
-Phagocytosis: In phagocytosis, cells internalize particulate matter such as microorganisms, and this process is important for immune responses and during the clearance of apoptotic cells. Probes for studying phagocytosis include BioParticles indicators—bacteria and yeast labeled with fluorescent dyes.
-Tracking phagocytosis using a quench/wash-based assay can report on simple uptake, or a pH indicator can be used to monitor stages in the pathway. We have no-wash assays labeled with pHrodo Red or Green (Cat. Nos. A10010, P35361, P35364, P35365, P35366, and P35367) and no-wash assays for whole blood (Cat. Nos. A10025, A10026, P35381, and P35382), all suitable for flow cytometry.
-pH changes: Sensitive pH determinations can be made in a physiological range using either fluorescent intensity or ratiometric measurements. pHrodo dyes (Cat. Nos. P35373 and P35372) provide signal intensity modulation from pH 2 to pH 9 and with a choice of fluorescent wavelengths. Tracking internalization of fluorescent dextran is a routine method for analyzing pH changes in cellular compartments. Dextran conjugates of pHrodo dyes (Cat. Nos. P35368 and P10361) provide the most complete solution by allowing discrimination of vesicles from early endosomes to lysosomes, with no quench or wash required.
-Reactive oxygen species: Cells that are environmentally stressed usually contain greatly increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). CellROX reagents are fluorogenic probes developed for the detection and quantitation of ROS in live cells. These cell-permeant reagents are non-fluorescent or very weakly fluorescent in the reduced state; however, when oxidized, they become brightly fluorescent and remain localized within the cell. We offer CellROX Green (Cat. No. C10492), CellROX Orange (Cat. No. C10493), and CellROX Deep Red (Cat. No. C10491) Assay Kits validated for flow cytometry.

Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Analysis Support Center.

What can the BioParticles product line be used for?

Fluorescent Bioparticles have been employed to study phagocytosis by fluorescence microscopy, quantitative spectrofluorometry, and flow cytometry. We offer E.Coli, S. aureus, and zymosan BioParticles conjugates covalently labeled with a variety of different fluorophores.

Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Analysis Support Center.

Fluorescence spectra

Fluorescence spectra

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Lot #Certificate TypeDateCatalog Number(s)
2991653Certificate of AnalysisSep 04, 2024S23371
2551390Certificate of AnalysisSep 28, 2023S23371
2286323Certificate of AnalysisMar 31, 2021S23371
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Citations & References (6)

Citations & References
Abstract
Extracellular Matrix Lumican Promotes Bacterial Phagocytosis, and Lum-/- Mice Show Increased Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infection Severity.
Authors:Shao H, Lee S, Gae-Scott S, Nakata C, Chen S, Hamad AR, Chakravarti S,
Journal:J Biol Chem
PubMed ID:22865855
'Phagocytosis is central to bacterial clearance, but the exact mechanism is incompletely understood. Here, we show a novel and critical role for lumican, the connective tissue extracellular matrix small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan, in CD14-mediated bacterial phagocytosis. In Psuedomonas aeruginosa lung infections, lumican-deficient (Lum(-/-)) mice failed to clear the bacterium from ... More
Multipotent stem cells from trabecular meshwork become phagocytic TM cells.
Authors:Du Y, Roh DS, Mann MM, Funderburgh ML, Funderburgh JL, Schuman JS,
Journal:Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
PubMed ID:22297497
'To isolate and characterize stem cells from human trabecular meshwork (TM) and to investigate the potential of these stem cells to differentiate into TM cells. Human trabecular meshwork stem cells (TMSCs) were isolated as side population cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting or isolated by clonal cultures. Passaged TMSCs were compared ... More
Antibody to Langerin/CD207 localizes large numbers of CD8alpha+ dendritic cells to the marginal zone of mouse spleen.
Authors:Idoyaga J, Suda N, Suda K, Park CG, Steinman RM,
Journal:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID:19168629
Dendritic cells (DCs) are strategically positioned to take up antigens and initiate adaptive immunity. One DC subset expresses CD8alphaalpha in mice and is specialized to capture dying cells and process antigens for MHC class I  ... More
Functional dissociation of the basolateral transcytotic compartment from the apical phago-lysosomal compartment in human osteoclasts.
Authors:Meagher J, Zellweger R, Filgueira L,
Journal:J Histochem Cytochem
PubMed ID:15872059
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) is essential for elimination of Staphylococcus aureus, the main infectious agent responsible for osteomyelitis. This in vitro study investigated uptake and processing of fluorescence-labeled S. aureus by human osteoclasts and dendritic cells. The cells were stained for TRAP and the acidic compartment using a fluorescence-based protocol. ... More
Heterogeneity in macrophage phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus strains: high-throughput scanning cytometry-based analysis.
Authors:DeLoid GM, Sulahian TH, Imrich A, Kobzik L,
Journal:PLoS One
PubMed ID:19593389
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) can phagocytose unopsonized pathogens such as S. aureus via innate immune receptors, such as scavenger receptors (SRs). Cytoskeletal events and signaling pathways involved in phagocytosis of unopsonized bacteria likely govern the fate of ingested pathogens, but are poorly characterized. We have developed a high-throughput scanning cytometry-based assay ... More
6 total citations

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