Main 

Isocyanates are widely used in the production of polyurethane plastics, glues and paints. Individuals at risk are polyurethane foam makers, upholsterers, spray painters, wire coating workers, plastic molders, rubber workers, fabric coaters, metal rod coaters, truck body insulators and persons applying artificial turf and others.

Unexpected exposure

Isocyanates have been mentioned in relation to the Sick Building Syndrome.

IgE-mediated reactions

A wide spectrum of potentially allergic respiratory symptoms have been described and up to 5% of exposed workers have been reported to have developed asthma at work (1). IgE antibodies to isocyanates have been found in 14-19% of sensitised workers (2, 3).

Other reactions

Non-immunological, irritative mechanisms are likely to be of importance.

Cross-reactivity

The three isocyanates (TDI, MDI and HDI) are closely related structurally being HSA-conjugated haptens and there is some allergenic crossreactivity (2). However, the major specificity depends on the type of isocyanate exposure.

Last reviewed : June 2022