Thermo Scientific Pierce DSS, also called disuccinimidyl suberate, is noncleavable and membrane permeable crosslinker that contains an amine-reactive N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester at each end of an 8-carbon spacer arm.

NHS esters react with primary amines at pH 7-9 to form stable amide bonds, along with release of the N-hydroxysuccinimide leaving group. Proteins, including antibodies, generally have several primary amines in the side chain of lysine (K) residues and the N-terminus of each polypeptide that are available as targets for NHS-ester crosslinking reagents. DSS is first dissolved in an organic solvent such as DMF or DMSO, then added to the aqueous crosslinking reaction. BS3, the water soluble analog of DSS is also available for applications that require a hydrophilic crosslinker (e.g. to effect cell-surface crosslinking). DSS and BS3 have essentially identical crosslinking activity toward primary amines.

Features of disuccinimidyl suberate:

• Reactive groups: NHS ester (both ends)
• Reactive towards: amino groups (primary amines)
• Amine reactive sulfo-NHS ester reacts rapidly with any primary amine-containing molecule
• Membrane-permeable, allowing for intracellular crosslinking
• High purity, crystalline reagent can be used to create high-purity conjugates
• Non-cleavable
• Water-insoluble (dissolve first in DMF or DMSO); compare to BS3 (Sulfo-DSS)

Applications:
• Chemical crosslinking of intracellular proteins prior to cell lysis and immunoprecipitation
• 'Fix' protein interactions to allow identification of weak or transient protein interactions
• Protein crosslinking to create bioconjugates via single-step reactions
• Immobilize proteins onto amine-coated surfaces

Properties of DSS
• Alternative names: Disuccinimidyl suberate
• Molecular formula: C₁₆H₂₀N₂O₈
• Molecular weight: 368.35
• Spacer arm length: Å (8 atoms)
• CAS number: 68528-80-3
• Reactive groups: NHS esters, react with primary amines at pH 7.0–9.0

DSS Specifications
We manufacture DSS to the highest specifications to produce the most specific bioconjugates, ensure the integrity of your data and to provide you with the highest degree of consistency. Each lot of DSS crosslinker is tested to meet the following minimum specifications:
• Identity: IR scan shows only peaks characteristic of the structure and functional groups of DSS
• Purity: > 90% by quantitative NMR (the highest standard in crosslinking purity)
• Solubility: > 9.2 mg/mL in DMF and DMSO, clear and colorless solution

Product References
Crosslinker Application Guide -- search for recent literature references for this product

Related Products
BS3 (bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate)