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Procalcitonin Learning Center
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Peer Reviewed Study | Procalcitonin (PCT)-Guided Antibiotic Stewardship: An international experts consensus on optimized clinical use
Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), August 2019.
Peer Reviewed Study | Procalcitonin-guided Antibiotic Therapy Reduces Antibiotic Use for LRTIs in a US Medical Center
Open Forum Infectious Diseases, December 2018.
Peer Reviewed Study | Treatment of Community-acquired Pneumonia During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Annals of Internal Medicine, August 2020.
Peer Reviewed Study | SAPS: Efficacy and safety of procalcitonin guidance in reducing the duration of antibiotic treatment in critically ill patients: A randomised, controlled, open-label trial
The Lancet Infectious Disease, July 2016.
Peer Reviewed Study | The Cost Impact of PCT-guided Antibiotic Stewardship Versus Usual Care for Hospitalised Patients with Suspected Sepsis or LRTIs in the US: A health economic model analysis
PloS One, April 2019.
Peer Reviewed Study | Effect of PCT Based Guidelines vs Standard Guidelines on Antibiotic Use in LRTI: ProHOSP randomised control trial
Journal of the American Medical Association, September 2009.
Peer Reviewed Study | Procalcitonin as a Marker for the Detection of Bacteremia and Sepsis in the Emergency Department
Procalcitonin as a marker for the detection of bacteremia and sepsis in the emergency department
Peer Reviewed Study | Cost-effectiveness Analysis of a Procalcitonin-guided Decision Algorithm for Antibiotic Stewardship Using Real-world US Hospital Data
OMICS A Journal of Integrative Biology, October 2019.
Peer Reviewed Study | Use of Procalcitonin for the Diagnosis of Pneumonia in Patients Presenting with a Chief Complaint of Dyspnoea: Results from the BACH trial
European Journal of Heart Failure, March 2012.
Peer Reviewed Study | Procalcitonin Decrease over 72 Hours in US Critical Care Units Predicts Fatal Outcome in Sepsis Patients
Critial Care, June 2013.
Peer Reviewed Study | Procalcitonin to Reduce Long-term Infection-associated Adverse Events in Sepsis: A randomized trial (PROGRESS trial)
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, August 2020.
Peer Reviewed Study | Serial Procalcitonin Predicts mortality in Severe Sepsis Patients: Results from the MOSES study
Critical Care Medicine, May 2017.
Peer Reviewed Study | Use of Procalcitonin to Reduce Patients' Exposure to Antibiotics in ICUs (PRORATA Trial): A multicentre randomized controlled trial
The Lancet Infectious Disease, February 2010.
Peer Reviewed Study | Diagnostic Accuracy of Procalcitonin for Predicting Blood Culture Results in Patients with Suspected Bloodstream Infection: An observational study of 35,343 consecutive patients
Medicine, November 2015.
Peer Reviewed Study | Antimicrobial use in positive respiratory viral panel: Impact of procalcitonin use and antimicrobial stewardship
Wright State University, 2020.
Peer Reviewed Study | Impact of Procalcitonin-guided Antibiotic Management on Antibiotic Exposure and Outcomes: Real world evidence
Open Forum Infectious Diseases, October 2019.
Peer Reviewed Study | Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China
New England Journal of Medicine, April 2020.
Peer Reviewed Study | Empiric antibacterial therapy and community-onset bacterial co-infection in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: a multi-hospital cohort study
Clinical Infectious Diseases, August 2020.
Peer Reviewed Study | Effect of Procalcitonin Testing on Health-care Utilization and Costs in Critically Ill Patients in the US
American College of Chest Physicians, January 2017.
Peer Reviewed Study | Procalcitonin (PCT) Levels for Ruling-out Bacterial Coinfection in ICU Patients with Influenza: A CHAID decision-tree analysis
Journal of Infection, February 2016.
Case Study | Differential Diagnosis: Is it bacterial infection or something else?
Learn how procalcitonin was used to aid to differentiate a bacterial infection in this case study.
Peer Reviewed Study | Procalcitonin as a Marker of Etiology in Adults Hospitalized with Community-acquired Pneumonia
Clinical Infectious Diseases, July 2017.
Case Study | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease vs. Heart Failure vs. Bacterial Pneumonia: What is the diagnosis this time?
Differentiating bacterial infection from non-bacterial etiology.
Case Study | Hemodialysis, Bacterial Pneumonia and Antibiotic De-escalation
Learn how procalcitonin was used for de-escalating antibiotics in a patient on hemodialysis.
Case Study | Chronic Renal Failure: Rule out peritonitis, peritoneal dialysis
Learn how procalcitonin was used to de-escalate antibiotics in a patient on peritoneal dialysis.
Case Study | Post-op: PCT decline reflects host response to antibiotics
Learn how procalcitonin reflects the host response in a post-op patient in this case study.
Case Study | Sepsis: When Can I Safely Stop Antibiotics?
Learn how procalcitonin was used to aid antibiotic discontinuation in a patient with a bacterial infection that led to sepsis in this case study.
Peer Reviewed Study | Procalcitonin in Patients with Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A meta-analysis
International Journal of Clinical Chemistry, June 2020.
Peer Reviewed Study | Economic evaluation of procalcitonin-guided antibiotic therapy in acute respiratory infections: a US health system perspective
Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, March 2015.
Peer Reviewed Study | Adherence to Procalcitonin Measurement in Inpatient Care: A guide for antibiotic stewardship and high value care
Journal of General Internal Medicine, February 2020.
Peer Reviewed Study | Serial Procalcitonin as a Predictor of Bacteremia and Need for Intensive Care Unit Care in Adults With Pneumonia, Including Those With Highest Severity: A prospective cohort study
Open Forum Infectious Diseases, January 2017.
Case Study | COVID-19 and Rule out Bacterial Coinfection
Learn how procalcitonin was used to assess for a bacterial co-infection in a patient positive for COVID-19 in this case study.
Case Study | Heart Failure vs. Bacterial Pneumonia
PCT provides insight into the likelihood of systemic bacteria
Case Study | Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI): Is it Viral or Bacterial?
Differentiating bacterial from viral infection can be challenging
Peer Reviewed Study | Biomarkers for antimicrobial stewardship: a reappraisal in COVID-19 times?
Van Berkel et al. Critical Care (2020).
Peer Reviewed Study | Use of procalcitonin for antibiotic stewardship in patients with COVID-19: A quality improvement project in a district general hospital
Peters et al. Clinical Medicine 2020.
Peer Reviewed Study | Efficacy and safety of procalcitonin guidance in reducing the duration of antibiotic treatment in critically ill patients: a randomised, controlled, open-label trial
de Jong E et alLancet Infect Dis . 2016 Jul;.
Peer Reviewed Study | Duration of antibiotic treatment using procalcitonin-guided treatment algorithms in older patients: a patient-level meta-analysis from randomized controlled trials
Age and Ageing May 2021.
Peer Reviewed Study | Effect of procalcitonin-guided antibiotic treatment on clinical outcomes in intensive care unit patients with infection and sepsis patients: a patient-level meta-analysis of randomized trials
Wirz, Y et al. Critical care (London, England) vol. 22,1 191. 15 Aug. 2018.
Peer Reviewed Study | Effect of procalcitonin-guided antibiotic treatment on mortality in acute respiratory infections: a patient level meta-analysis
Schuetz P et al. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018 Jan.
Peer Reviewed Study | Use of procalcitonin-guided decision-making to shorten antibiotic therapy in suspected neonatal early-onset sepsis: prospective randomized intervention trial
Stocker M er al. Neonatology. 2010.
Peer Reviewed Study | Procalcitonin measurements for guiding antibiotic treatment in pediatric pneumonia
Esposito S et al Respir Med . 2011 Dec.
Peer Reviewed Study | Procalcitonin Guidance to Reduce Antibiotic Treatment of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Children and Adolescents (ProPAED): A Randomized Controlled Trial
Bear G et a PLoS One . 2013 Aug .
Peer Reviewed Study | Duration of Antimicrobial Therapy in Treating Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections: A Comprehensive Review
Sartelli M et al Surg Infect (Larchmt) . 2016 Feb.
Peer Reviewed Study | Procalcitonin-guided therapy may reduce length of antibiotic treatment in intensive care unit patients with secondary peritonitis: A multicenter retrospective study
Peer Reviewed Study | Procalcitonin-guided therapy may reduce length of antibiotic treatment in intensive care unit patients with secondary peritonitis: A multicenter retrospective study
Case Study | COVID-19 Positive, Rule-out Bacterial Pneumonia
Learn how procalcitonin was used to assess for bacterial co-infection in a COVID-19+ patient in this case study.
Case Study | Stopping Empirical Antibiotics in COVID-19 Patients
Learn how procalcitonin can be used to aid in stopping empirical antibiotics in COVID-19 patients in this case study.
Podcast | Procalcitonin: Bacterial Co-infection Risk Assessment in COVID-19
Michael R Broyles, PharmD and Eric H Gluck MD.
Podcast | Long-term side effects of antibiotic overuse in sepsis patients
Hear from Evangelos Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Professor of Internal Medicine and Director of the Master Programme in Infectious Diseases at ATTIKON University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Implementation Guide
A roadmap for implementing PCT in your hospital, including team building, defining objectives, creating order sets, education and more.
Procalcitonin Pocket Guide
Download the on-the-go guide with PCT algorithms for antibiotic guidance & PCT reference ranges for diagnosis of Systemic Bacterial Infection/Sepsis.
Implementation Checklist
Download this sample checklist to help planning the implementation of procalcitonin in your hospital.
Protocol | Sample Protocols for Procalcitonin for Adult Sepsis & Adult Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
Sample text to help write clinical protocols when implementing PCT.
Infographic | Procalcitonin (PCT) improves antibiotic stewardship in SARS-CoV-2 treatment
Infographic of publications by Williams EJ et al and Peters C et al. on antibiotic stewardship in COVID-19 patients.
Guide | Interpretation of PCT and ANP in patients presenting with dyspnea in the emergency department – clinical cases
Interpretation of PCT and ANP in patients presenting with dyspnea in the emergency department – clinical cases
Webinar | Procalcitonin in Current Practice: Linking clinical & financial outcomes
Michael R. Broyles, PharmD and Eric H. Gluck, MD.
Webinar | Procalcitonin: Diagnostic aid for appropriate antibiotic decisions
Trevor Van Schooneveld, MD, FACP.
Webinar | Use of Procalcitonin (PCT) in Patients Presenting with Overlapping Symptoms
Michael R. Broyles, PharmD, Eric H. Gluck MD. and, Gregory B. Seymann MD, SFHM.
Webinar | Procalcitonin as an Aid for Risk Assessment in COVID-19 and Influenza Related Secondary Bacterial Infections
Michael R. Broyles, PharmD.
Webinar | EAPS Webinar: Preserve the power of antibiotics for future generations Targeted antibiotic stewardship with B·R·A·H·M·S PCT
How do Procalcitonin‐aided protocols decrease the antibiotic use in paediatric patient populations, by Dr. Elisabeth Esteban Torné, Hospital San Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
Webinar | Global Antibiotic Stewardship Forum - Antibiotic Stewardship with B·R·A·H·M·S PCT - Learn from experts from around the world
Hear from Prof. Carlo Tascini, MD, Prof. Anucha Apisarnthanarak and Michael R. Broyles.
Webinar | ISICEM symposium: Implementation of PCT-aided ABS protocols From real-life integration to long-term benefits and MDRO reduction
Hear from Prof. Evangelos J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis and Prof. Andrea Kwa Lay Hoon.
Webinar | COVID 19 Forum: How to overcome antibiotic overuse in COVID-19 patients?
Valerie Vaughn and Neil Powell.
Webinar | IFCC symposium: How to overcome antibiotic overuse in COVID-19 patients? Antibiotic stewardship programs with B·R·A·H·M·S PCT
Sean Neath, MD, Ph.D.
Webinar | Effective PCT Implementation Strategies Reduce Unnecessary Testing While Improving Outcomes (How to be an Expert!)
Michael R. Broyles, PharmD.
Webinar | Applications of Procalcitonin-aided Decision Making for Antibiotic Stewardship in Emergency Care
Larissa May, MD, MSPH, MSHS
Webinar | ON24: PCT Implementation Best Practices
Maureen A Turner, BSN, RN and Kimberly Capan, BSN, RN
Webinar | Managing Infections in the Elderly: What is Different?
Discover our webinar on the subject of infections in the elderly, challenges, and the potential role of biomarkers.
Video | PCT Perspectives: The emergency department
Learn how PCT can help assess presence or absence of a bacterial infection in the emergency department.
Video | PCT Perspectives: The pharmacy
Learn how PCT can be used to help customize antibiotic therapy for patients with bacterial infections.
Video | Overcoming Challenges in COVID-19 Patient Management with PCT
Using procalcitonin to identify bacterial coinfections in COVID-19 patients.
Video | PCT Perspectives: Introduction to PCT
Using procalcitonin to help with the challenges in diagnosing and treating systemic bacterial infections.
Video | Procalcitonin for Antibiotic Stewardship
Learn how to use PCT to help the fight against antibiotic resistance.
Video | Understanding the Kinetics of Procalcitonin
Discover the unique kinetics of PCT in the host response from bacterial infection.
Video | PCT Perspectives: The critical care perspective
Learn how PCT is used to help assess presence or absence of a bacterial infection in the critical care.
Video | PCT Perspectives: Antibiotic stewardship
Learn how to use procalcitonin as an aid to reduce unneeded antibiotic overuse & exposure.
Video | Testimonial: The role of procalcitonin in differential diagnosis of patients with the new corona virus
Prof. Shi Yi, Director of the Dept of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, JinLing Hospital affiliated with NanJing University Medical College; Chief Physician, Doctoral Supervisor and Postdoctoral Superv
Video | Testimonial: Covid 19 diagnosis and treatment in China
Prof. Li Shengqing, Director of Respiratory Dept Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University
Video | Testimonial: The clinical value of procalcitonin in the diagnosis and treatment of new coronary pneumonia
Hou Gang, Deputy Head of LiaNing National Emergency Medical Rescue Team assisting with the outbrreak in Wuham
Video | Testimonial: Measuring procalcitonin in Covid 19 patients
Hear from Prof. Pierre Hausfater, Head of Emergency Department, Paris France
Guide | Antibiotic Decisions in Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
Reduce antibiotic prescribing and exposure duration in LRTI patients. Learn how B·R·A·H·M·S PCT informs antibiotic therapy decisions.
Guide | Early sepsis diagnosis and monitoring in critically ill patients
When every second counts, learn how B·R·A·H·M·S PCT is the best in early diagnosis of bacterial infection and sepsis.
Guide | Early differential diagnosis and therapy decisions in the emergency department
Accelerate treatment decisions with B·R·A·H·M·S Biomarkers
Case Study | Secondary Complications Due to Unnecessary Antibiotic Use
Learn how PCT can aid in preventing dangerous overuse of antibiotics in the elderly.
Case Study | NPV Value of PCT Leads to Alternative Diagnosis
Find out how procalcitonin can help to come to an alternative diagnosis without the need for empiric antibiotics prescription.
Webinar | The Financial Impact of PCT-aided Antibiotic Stewardship: Reducing Costs and Improving Quality of Care
Join Dr. Michael Broyles as he evaluates the expected clinical and financial outcomes of PCT-aided antibiotic therapy
Video | How does antibiotic resistance develop?
Did you know that antibiotic overuse has accelerated antimicrobial resistance? Inappropriate prescription rates and overuse of antibiotics have contributed to a global health emergency.
Video | How can we support the responsible use of antibiotics to prolong their effectiveness?
Studies have shown that the use of Thermo Scientific™ B·R·A·H·M·S PCT™ has reduced overall antibiotic exposure by up to 74%, with no adverse impact on outcome.
Video | How can the use of procalcitonin help reduce antibiotic exposure?
Paired with clinical signs and symptoms, Procalcitonin can help to differentiate bacterial infection from other potential causes and aid in decision making around the initiation and duration of antibiotic therapy.
Video | What are the benefits of B·R·A·H·M·S PCT-aided antibiotic therapy, both to patients and caregivers?
Implementing a better utilization of diagnostic tests into antibiotic stewardship programs is now of capital importance.
Video | Unspecific symptoms of infections in elderly — Are antibiotics always necessary?
Chair: Prof. Alberto Pilotto, University of Bari, Italy Recorded: 2022 EuGMS Congress Decrease diagnostic uncertainty and avoid antibiotic overuse in elderly patients with B·R·A·H·M·S Procalcitonin (PCT) aid.
Video | Infections in the elderly — Stratification by age is not enough
Recorded: 26th Symposium on Infections in the Critically Ill Patient (2022)
Guide | Antibiotic Stewardship Guide for Hospitals
A practical guide to support Antibiotic Stewardship programs outlining the key steps needed for successful implementation
Webinar | Procalcitonin and Other Biomarkers: Best Practices in the Management of Sepsis
Stefan Riedel, MD, PhD, shares his working knowledge of the utility of procalcitonin and other biomarkers in diagnosing and managing sepsis and other bacterial infections.
Guide | Utility of PCT for antibiotic and surgical decisions
Download the document to learn how B·R·A·H·M·S PCT allows to early identify surgical site infections, to safely reduce antibiotic exposure and to confidently secure treatment decisions
Guide | PCT in Neonatal and Pediatric Population Brochure
Download the document to learn how B·R·A·H·M·S PCT allows early differential diagnosis and improve antibiotic decision making in neonatal and pediatric population
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)
The future of global health is largely tied to the effectiveness of antibiotics. To learn more, download the following USA TODAY supplement. It shines a spotlight on those working to bring awareness to antimicrobial resistance.
B·R·A·H·M·S PCT to improve antibiotic exposure
Download the summary leaflet of the opinion paper “Biomarkers for stratification and antibiotic stewardship in elderly patients” prepared by multi-disciplinary and recognized European clinical experts
Impact of PCT-aided antibiotic therapy on the incidence of long-term infection-associated adverse events in sepsis
Download the summary leaflet of the PROGRESS study to learn about the link between PCT-aided antibiotic therapy, reduction of antibiotic exposure, and improved outcomes
Procalcitonin Guides Antibiotic Stewardship: A Balkan Expert Consensus Statement
Consensus of clinical experts, representing Balkan countries on PCT use and clinical value in antibiotic stewardship.
Antibiotics are useful, right? Do antibiotics have an impact on the microbiome?
Learn how antibiotics affect the microbiome.
What is antibiotic resistance? How does it affect us?
Learn more about the harm of antibiotic resistance and its common drivers.
How can we limit antibiotic exposure and their side-effects on microbiome?
Learn about the benefits of B·R·A·H·M·S PCT-aided antibiotic therapy.
Antibiotic Stewardship Implementation Guide for hospitals – part 1
The first of a three-part series on Antibiotic Stewardship Programs outlining the importance of practicing antibiotic stewardship
Antibiotic Stewardship Implementation Guide for hospitals – part 2
The second of a three-part series on Antibiotic Stewardship Programs outlining the key steps needed for successful implementation
Antibiotic Stewardship Implementation Guide for hospitals – part 3
The third of a three-part series on Antibiotic Stewardship Programs outlining the role of B·R·A·H·M·S PCT in these programs
Fear of missing the infection vs. « just-in-case » antibiotics in older patients – a multidisciplinary board answers your questions
Recorded symposium during 2023 EuGMS Congress with multidisciplinary round table answering questions on the use of B·R·A·H·M·S PCT in older patients.
New developments in intra-abdominal infections - focus on patients with acute pancreatitis
Recorded symposium during the 15th Biennial Congress of the European-African Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association (E-AHPBA)
Brochure | B·R·A·H·M·S PCT for Antibiotic Stewardship
Download the brochure to learn how B·R·A·H·M·S PCT can safely reduce antibiotic exposure and improve infection management of critically ill and LRTI patients.
Brochure | B·R·A·H·M·S PCT to manage infections safely and effectively
Download the brochure to learn how B·R·A·H·M·S PCT can aid in early infection diagnosis and antibiotic guidance.
Impact of B∙R∙A∙H∙M∙S PCT-aided antibiotic stewardship on antibiotic exposure and mortality in older adult patients
Download the summary leaflet of a patient-level meta-analysis by Heilmann et al. showing similar effect of B∙R∙A∙H∙M∙S PCT-aided antibiotic stewardship in older adult patients as compared to younger adults
The three pillars of B·R·A·H·M·S PCT Gold Standard performance
Download the leaflet to learn more about the three unique pillars of B·R·A·H·M·S PCT assays.
Effective use of PCT to manage older and at-risk patients
Thermo Scientific™ B·R·A·H·M·S PCT™ is an invaluable marker to help assess presence or absence of a bacterial infection and can be used as an aid in antibiotic therapy for aging and frail patients. Join us for a multi-discipline panel discussion on the ways B·R·A·H·M·S PCT supports the responsible use of antibiotics in older patients.
Impact of B∙R∙A∙H∙M∙S PCT-aided antibiotic stewardship on sepsis patients
Download the sepsis leaflet showcasing the benefits of B∙R∙A∙H∙M∙S PCT assays on sepsis patients.
ADLM Guidance Clinical Use of Procalcitonin
Access a summary of Dr. Joshua Hayden’s introduction to the ADLM (former AACC) guidance document on the clinical use of procalcitonin.
Guide | Optimize treatment and costs in sepsis and LRTI
Access to a summary of core studies on the health economic impact of Procalcitonin (PCT).
ADLM (former AACC) Guidance Clinical Use of Procalcitonin summary leaflet
Access a summary leaflet of Dr. Joshua Hayden’s introduction to the ADLM guidance document on the clinical use of procalcitonin.
2023 ESPNIC congress symposium key messaging video
ESPNIC 2023 congress: highlights of the recorded symposium “Optimizing sepsis management: fine-tuning procalcitonin interpretation in the PICU”
2024 ESPNIC congress symposium full session recording
ESPNIC 2024 congress: recorded symposium “How to use procalcitonin to improve your clinical practice”
B·R·A·H·M·S PCT to reduce unnecessary antibiotics in patients with acute pancreatitis
Download the summary leaflet of the PROCAP study, a randomized controlled trial, to learn how PCT-aided antibiotic algorithms can help identify infected necrotizing pancreatitis.
2024 ESPNIC congress symposium key messaging video
ESPNIC 2024 congress: highlights of the recorded symposium “How to use Procalcitonin to improve your clinical practice”
2024 EAPS congress symposium full session recording
EAPS 2024 congress: recorded symposium “Optimizing management of the febrile child - Can we reduce invasive procedures, antibiotic prescriptions and hospitalizations using biomarkers?
PCT in severe bronchiolitis
This infographic presents the results of studies investigating how procalcitonin can improve bronchiolitis management by accurately diagnosing invasive bacterial infections and reducing unnecessary antibiotic use
2024 EAPS congress symposium key messages video
Optimizing management of the febrile child - Can we reduce invasive procedures, antibiotic prescriptions and hospitalizations using biomarkers?
Leveraging Lessons From 3 Decades of Procalcitonin Testing: Procalcitonin Dos and Don'ts
Summary of a webinar focusing on the key aspects of the implementation of procalcitonin testing laboratorians and clinicians should take into consideration.
Detection of invasive bacterial infection in febrile infants
Meta-analysis directly comparing the diagnostic accuracy of CRP and PCT to detect invasive bacterial infection
PCT confirmed as an aid for safe antibiotic reduction in patients with sepsis
Discover the ADAPT-Sepsis trial, published in JAMA, showing that Procalcitonin (PCT) guidance can reduce antibiotic use by ~10% without compromising safety in sepsis patients. Conducted across 41 NHS UK units, the study supports PCT as a valuable tool in sepsis care.
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